/*
 *    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *    (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *    GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

/*
 *    CSVSaver.java
 *    Copyright (C) 2004 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
 *
 */

package weka.core.converters;

import weka.core.Capabilities;
import weka.core.Instance;
import weka.core.DenseInstance;
import weka.core.Instances;
import weka.core.Option;
import weka.core.RevisionUtils;
import weka.core.SparseInstance;
import weka.core.Utils;
import weka.core.Capabilities.Capability;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Vector;

/**
 <!-- globalinfo-start -->
 * Writes to a destination that is in CSV (comma-separated values) format. The column separator can be chosen (default is ',') as well as the value representing missing values (default is '?').
 * <p/>
 <!-- globalinfo-end -->
 *
 <!-- options-start -->
 * Valid options are: <p/>
 * 
 * <pre> -F &lt;separator&gt;
 *  The field separator to be used.
 *  '\t' can be used as well.
 *  (default: ',')</pre>
 * 
 * <pre> -M &lt;str&gt;
 *  The string representing a missing value.
 *  (default: ?)</pre>
 * 
 * <pre> -i &lt;the input file&gt;
 *  The input file</pre>
 * 
 * <pre> -o &lt;the output file&gt;
 *  The output file</pre>
 * 
 <!-- options-end -->
 *
 * @author Stefan Mutter (mutter@cs.waikato.ac.nz)
 * @version $Revision: 7465 $
 * @see Saver
 */
public class CSVSaver 
  extends AbstractFileSaver 
  implements BatchConverter, IncrementalConverter, FileSourcedConverter {

  /** for serialization. */
  static final long serialVersionUID = 476636654410701807L;
  
  /** the field separator. */
  protected String m_FieldSeparator = ",";
  
  /** The placeholder for missing values. */
  protected String m_MissingValue = "?";
  
  /** 
   * Constructor.
   */  
  public CSVSaver(){
    resetOptions();
  }
   
  /**
   * Returns a string describing this Saver.
   * 
   * @return 		a description of the Saver suitable for
   * 			displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
   */
  public String globalInfo() {
    return 
        "Writes to a destination that is in CSV (comma-separated values) format. "
      + "The column separator can be chosen (default is ',') as well as the value "
      + "representing missing values (default is '?').";
  }

  /**
   * Returns an enumeration describing the available options.
   *
   * @return an enumeration of all the available options.
   */
  public Enumeration listOptions() {
    Vector<Option> result = new Vector<Option>();
    
    result.addElement(new Option(
        "\tThe field separator to be used.\n"
        + "\t'\\t' can be used as well.\n"
        + "\t(default: ',')",
        "F", 1, "-F <separator>"));
    
    result.addElement(new Option(
        "\tThe string representing a missing value.\n"
        + "\t(default: ?)",
        "M", 1, "-M <str>"));
    
    Enumeration en = super.listOptions();
    while (en.hasMoreElements())
      result.addElement((Option)en.nextElement());
      
    return result.elements();
  }

  /**
   * Parses a given list of options. <p/>
   *
   <!-- options-start -->
   * Valid options are: <p/>
   * 
   * <pre> -F &lt;separator&gt;
   *  The field separator to be used.
   *  '\t' can be used as well.
   *  (default: ',')</pre>
   * 
   * <pre> -M &lt;str&gt;
   *  The string representing a missing value.
   *  (default: ?)</pre>
   * 
   * <pre> -i &lt;the input file&gt;
   *  The input file</pre>
   * 
   * <pre> -o &lt;the output file&gt;
   *  The output file</pre>
   * 
   <!-- options-end -->
   *
   * @param options the list of options as an array of strings
   * @throws Exception if an option is not supported
   */
  public void setOptions(String[] options) throws Exception {
    String	tmpStr;
    
    tmpStr = Utils.getOption('F', options);
    if (tmpStr.length() != 0)
      setFieldSeparator(tmpStr);
    else
      setFieldSeparator(",");

    tmpStr = Utils.getOption('M', options);
    if (tmpStr.length() != 0)
      setMissingValue(tmpStr);
    else
      setMissingValue("?");
    
    super.setOptions(options);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the current settings of the Classifier.
   *
   * @return an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions
   */
  public String[] getOptions() {
    Vector<String>	result;
    String[]		options;
    int			i;
    
    result  = new Vector<String>();

    result.add("-F");
    result.add(getFieldSeparator());

    result.add("-M");
    result.add(getMissingValue());
    
    options = super.getOptions();
    for (i = 0; i < options.length; i++)
      result.add(options[i]);
    
    return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
  }
  
  /**
   * Sets the character used as column separator.
   * 
   * @param value	the character to use
   */
  public void setFieldSeparator(String value) {
    m_FieldSeparator = Utils.unbackQuoteChars(value);
    if (m_FieldSeparator.length() != 1) {
      m_FieldSeparator = ",";
      System.err.println(
	  "Field separator can only be a single character (exception being '\t'), "
	  + "defaulting back to '" + m_FieldSeparator + "'!");
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns the character used as column separator.
   * 
   * @return		the character to use
   */
  public String getFieldSeparator() {
    return Utils.backQuoteChars(m_FieldSeparator);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the tip text for this property.
   *
   * @return 		tip text for this property suitable for
   *         		displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
   */
  public String fieldSeparatorTipText() {
    return "The character to use as separator for the columns/fields (use '\\t' for TAB).";
  }
  
  /**
   * Sets the placeholder for missing values.
   * 
   * @param value	the placeholder
   */
  public void setMissingValue(String value) {
    m_MissingValue = value;
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns the current placeholder for missing values.
   * 
   * @return		the placeholder
   */
  public String getMissingValue() {
    return m_MissingValue;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the tip text for this property.
   *
   * @return 		tip text for this property suitable for
   *         		displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
   */
  public String missingValueTipText() {
    return "The placeholder for missing values, default is '?'.";
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns a description of the file type.
   *
   * @return a short file description
   */
  public String getFileDescription() {
    return "CSV file: comma separated files";
  }

  /**
   * Resets the Saver.
   */
  public void resetOptions() {
    super.resetOptions();
    
    setFileExtension(".csv");
  }

  /** 
   * Returns the Capabilities of this saver.
   *
   * @return            the capabilities of this object
   * @see               Capabilities
   */
  public Capabilities getCapabilities() {
    Capabilities result = super.getCapabilities();
    
    // attributes
    result.enable(Capability.NOMINAL_ATTRIBUTES);
    result.enable(Capability.NUMERIC_ATTRIBUTES);
    result.enable(Capability.DATE_ATTRIBUTES);
    result.enable(Capability.STRING_ATTRIBUTES);
    result.enable(Capability.MISSING_VALUES);
    
    // class
    result.enable(Capability.NOMINAL_CLASS);
    result.enable(Capability.NUMERIC_CLASS);
    result.enable(Capability.DATE_CLASS);
    result.enable(Capability.STRING_CLASS);
    result.enable(Capability.MISSING_CLASS_VALUES);
    result.enable(Capability.NO_CLASS);
    
    return result;
  }

  /** Saves an instances incrementally. Structure has to be set by using the
   * setStructure() method or setInstances() method.
   * @param inst the instance to save
   * @throws IOException throws IOEXception if an instance cannot be saved incrementally.
   */  
  public void writeIncremental(Instance inst) throws IOException{
  
      int writeMode = getWriteMode();
      Instances structure = getInstances();
      PrintWriter outW = null;
      
      if(getRetrieval() == BATCH || getRetrieval() == NONE)
          throw new IOException("Batch and incremental saving cannot be mixed.");
      if(getWriter() != null)
          outW = new PrintWriter(getWriter());
          
      if(writeMode == WAIT){
        if(structure == null){
            setWriteMode(CANCEL);
            if(inst != null)
                System.err.println("Structure(Header Information) has to be set in advance");
        }
        else
            setWriteMode(STRUCTURE_READY);
        writeMode = getWriteMode();
      }
      if(writeMode == CANCEL){
          if(outW != null)
              outW.close();
          cancel();
      }
      if(writeMode == STRUCTURE_READY){
          setWriteMode(WRITE);
          //write header
          if(retrieveFile() == null || outW == null){
              // print out attribute names as first row
              for (int i = 0; i < structure.numAttributes(); i++) {
                System.out.print(structure.attribute(i).name());
                if (i < structure.numAttributes()-1) {
                    System.out.print(m_FieldSeparator);
                } else {
                    System.out.println();
                }
              } 
          }
          else{
              for (int i = 0; i < structure.numAttributes(); i++) {
                outW.print(structure.attribute(i).name());
                if (i < structure.numAttributes()-1) {
                    outW.print(m_FieldSeparator);
                } else {
                    outW.println();
                }
              }
              outW.flush();
          }
          writeMode = getWriteMode();
      }
      if(writeMode == WRITE){
          if(structure == null)
              throw new IOException("No instances information available.");
          if(inst != null){
          //write instance 
              if(retrieveFile() == null || outW == null)
                System.out.println(inst);
              else{
                outW.println(instanceToString(inst));
                //flushes every 100 instances
                m_incrementalCounter++;
                if(m_incrementalCounter > 100){
                    m_incrementalCounter = 0;
                    outW.flush();
                }
              }
          }
          else{
          //close
              if(outW != null){
                outW.flush();
                outW.close();
              }
              m_incrementalCounter = 0;
              resetStructure();
              outW = null;
              resetWriter();
          }
      }
  }  

  /**
   * Writes a Batch of instances.
   * 
   * @throws IOException throws IOException if saving in batch mode is not possible
   */
  public void writeBatch() throws IOException {
  
      if(getInstances() == null)
          throw new IOException("No instances to save");
      if(getRetrieval() == INCREMENTAL)
          throw new IOException("Batch and incremental saving cannot be mixed.");
      setRetrieval(BATCH);
      setWriteMode(WRITE);
      if(retrieveFile() == null && getWriter() == null){
          // print out attribute names as first row
          for (int i = 0; i < getInstances().numAttributes(); i++) {
            System.out.print(getInstances().attribute(i).name());
            if (i < getInstances().numAttributes()-1) {
                System.out.print(m_FieldSeparator);
            } else {
            System.out.println();
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < getInstances().numInstances(); i++) {
            System.out.println(getInstances().instance(i));
        }
        setWriteMode(WAIT);
        return;
      }
      PrintWriter outW = new PrintWriter(getWriter());
      // print out attribute names as first row
      for (int i = 0; i < getInstances().numAttributes(); i++) {
	outW.print(Utils.quote(getInstances().attribute(i).name()));
	if (i < getInstances().numAttributes()-1) {
	  outW.print(m_FieldSeparator);
	} else {
	  outW.println();
	}
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < getInstances().numInstances(); i++) {
	outW.println(instanceToString((getInstances().instance(i))));
      }
      outW.flush();
      outW.close();
      setWriteMode(WAIT);
      outW = null;
      resetWriter();
      setWriteMode(CANCEL);
  }

  /**
   * turns an instance into a string. takes care of sparse instances as well.
   *
   * @param inst the instance to turn into a string
   * @return the generated string
   */
  protected String instanceToString(Instance inst) {
    StringBuffer	result;
    Instance 		outInst;
    int			i;
    String		field;

    result = new StringBuffer();
    
    if (inst instanceof SparseInstance) {
      outInst = new DenseInstance(inst.weight(), inst.toDoubleArray());
      outInst.setDataset(inst.dataset());
    }
    else {
      outInst = inst;
    }
    
    for (i = 0; i < outInst.numAttributes(); i++) {
      if (i > 0)
	result.append(m_FieldSeparator);
      
      if (outInst.isMissing(i))
	field = m_MissingValue;
      else
	field = outInst.toString(i);
      
      // make sure that custom field separators, like ";" get quoted correctly
      // as well
      if ((field.indexOf(m_FieldSeparator) > -1) && !field.startsWith("'") && !field.endsWith("'"))
	field = "'" + field + "'";
      
      result.append(field);
    }

    return result.toString();
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns the revision string.
   * 
   * @return		the revision
   */
  public String getRevision() {
    return RevisionUtils.extract("$Revision: 7465 $");
  }

  /**
   * Main method.
   *
   * @param args should contain the options of a Saver.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    runFileSaver(new CSVSaver(), args);
  }
}
